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If current ratio is 4:1 and liquid ratio is 1:1, calculate value of current assets, liquid assets and stock. The Liquid Ratio of such company will be very low as liquid assets exclude stock. Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.

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CBSE NCERT Solutions

Short answers: Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 272 Question 1 :What do you mean by Ratio Analysis. Answer : Ratio Analysis is a technique of financial analysis. It describes the relationship between various items of Balance Sheet and Income Statements. It helps us in ascertaining profitability, ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions efficiency, solvency, etc. It may be expressed as a fraction, ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions, percentage and in times. It enables budgetary controls by assessing qualitative relationship among different financial variables. Ratio Analysis provides vital information to various accounting users regarding the financial position and viability and performance of a firm. It also lays down the basic framework for decision making and policy designing by management. Question 2 : What are the various types of ratios. Answer : Accounting ratios are classified in the following two ways. Traditional Classification: This classification is based on the financial statements, i. Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. The Traditional Classification further bifurcates accounting ratios on the basis of the accounts to which the elements of a ratio belong. On the basis of accounts of financial statements, the Traditional Classification bifurcate accounting ratios as: a. Income Statement Ratios: These are those ratios whose all the elements belong only to the Trading and Profit and Loss Account, like Gross Profit Ratio, etc. Balance Sheet Ratios: These are those ratios whose all the elements belong only to the Balance Sheet, like Current Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, etc. Composite Ratios: These are those ratios whose elements belong both to the Trading and Profit and Loss Account as well as to the Balance Sheet, like Debtors Turnover Ratio, etc. Functional Classification: This classification reflects the functional need and the purpose of calculating ratio. The basic rationale to compute ratio is to ascertain liquidity, solvency, financial performance and profitability of a business. Consequently, the Functional Classification classifies various accounting ratios as: a. Liquidity Ratio: These ratios are calculated to determine short term solvency. Solvency Ratio: These ratios are calculated to ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions long term solvency. Activity Ratio: These ratios are calculated for measuring the operational efficiency and efficacy of the operations. These ratios relate to sales or cost of goods sold. Profitability Ratio: These ratios are calculated to assess the financial performance and the financial viability of the business. Question 3 :What are liquidity ratios. Discuss the importance of current and liquid ratio. Answer : Liquidity ratios are calculated to determine the short-term solvency of a business, i. Liquidity means easy conversion of assets into cash without any significant loss and delay. Short-term creditors are interested in ascertaining liquidity ratios for timely payment of their debts. Liquid Ratio or Quick Ratio 1. Current Ratio- It explains the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. It is calculated as: Currents Assets are those assets that can be easily converted into cash within a short period of time like, cash in hand, cash at bank, marketable securities, debtors, stock, bills receivables, prepaid expenses. Current Liabilities are those liabilities that are to be repaid within a year like, bank overdraft, bills payables, Short-term creditors, provision for tax, outstanding expenses etc. The excess of current assets over current liabilities provide a sense of safety and security to the creditors. The ideal ratio of current assets over current liabilities is 2:1. It means that the firm has sufficient funds to meet its current liabilities. A higher ratio indicates poor investment policies of management and low ratio indicates shortage of working capital and lack of liquidity. Liquid Ratio- It explains the relationship between liquid assets and current liabilities. It indicates whether a firm has sufficient funds to pay its current liabilities immediately. It is calculated as: Importance of Liquid Ratio It helps in determining whether a firm has sufficient funds if it has to pay all its current liabilities immediately. It does not include stock, since it takes comparatively more time to convert the stock into cash. Further prepaid expenses are also not included in liquid assets, since these cannot be converted into cash. The ideal Liquidity Ratio is considered to be 1:1. It means that the firm has a rupee in form of liquid assets for every rupee of current liabilities. Question 4 : What relationships will be established to study: a. Inventory Turnover Ratio: This ratio is computed to determine the efficiency with which the stock is used. This ratio is based on the relationship between cost of goods sold and average stock kept during the year. Debtors Turnover Ratio: This ratio is computed to determine the rate at which the amount is collected from the debtors. It establishes the relationship between net credit sales and average accounts receivables. Payable Turnover Ratio: This ratio is known as Creditors Turnover Ratio. It is computed to determine the rate at which the amount is paid to the creditors. It establishes the relationship between net credit purchases and average accounts payables. Working Capital Turnover Ratio: This ratio is computed to determine how efficiently the working capital is utilised in making sales. It establishes the relationship between net sales and working capital. Question 5:What are important profitability ratios. How are they worked out. Answer : Profitability ratios are calculated on the basis of profit earned by a business. This ratio gives a percentage measure to assess the financial viability, profitability and operational efficiency of the business. The various important Profitability Ratios are as follows: 1. Return on Investment or Capital Employed 6. Earnings per Share Ratio 7. Gross Profit Ratio- It shows the relationship between Gross Profit and Net Sales. It depicts the trading efficiency of a business. A higher Gross Profit Ratio implies a better position of a business, whereas a low Gross Profit Ratio implies an inefficient unfavourable sales policy. Operating Ratio- It shows the relationship between Cost of Operation and Net Sales. This ratio depicts the operational efficiency of a business. A low Operating Ratio implies higher operational efficiency of the business. A low Operating Ratio is considered better for the business as it enables the business to be left with a greater amount after covering its operation costs to pay for interests and dividends. Operating Profit Ratio- It shows the relationship between the Operating Profit and Net Sales. It helps in assessing the operational efficiency and the performance of the business. Net Profit Ratio- It shows the relationship between net profit and sales. Higher ratio is better for firm. It depicts the overall efficiency of a business and acts as an important tool to the investors for analysing and measuring the viability and performance of the business. Return on Investment or Capital Employed- It shows the relationship between the profit earned and the capital employed to earn that profit. It is calculated as: This ratio depicts the efficiency with which the business has utilised the capital invested by the investors. It is an important yardstick to assess the profit earning capacity of the business. Earning per Shares- It shows the relationship between the amount of profit available to distribute as dividend among the equity shareholders and number of equity shares. Dividend Payout Ratio- It shows the relationship between the dividend per share and earnings per share. This ratio depicts the amount of earnings that is distributed in the form of dividend among the shareholders. A high Dividend Payout Ratio implies a better position and goodwill of the business for the shareholders. Price Earning Ratio- It shows the relationship between the market price of a share and the earnings per share. This ratio is the most common tool that is used in the stock markets. This ratio depicts the degree of reliance and trust that the shareholders have on the business. A higher Price Earning Ratio definitely enables a company to enjoy favourable position in the market. Question 6:The liquidity of a business firm is measured by its ability to satisfy its long-term obligations as they become due. Answer : The liquidity of a business firm is measured by its ability to pay its long term obligations. The long term obligations include payments of principal amount on the due date and payments of interests on the regular basis. Long term solvency of any business can be calculated on the basis of the following ratios. The lower the debt-equity ratio higher will be the degree of security to the lenders. A low debt-equity ratio implies that the company can easily meet its long term obligations. Total Assets to Debt Ratio- It shows the relationship between the total assets and the long term loans. Thus, a higher ratio implies more security to the lenders. Interest Coverage Ratio- This ratio depicts the relationship between amount of profit utilised for paying interest and amount of interest payable. A high Interest Coverage Ratio implies that the company can easily meet all its interest obligations out of its profit. If inventory is liquid, the quick ratio is a preferred measure of overall liquidity. Answer : Current Ratio- It explains the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. It is calculated as: Currents Assets are those assets that are easily converted into cash within a ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions period of time like cash in hand, cash at bank, marketable securities, debtors, stock, bills receivables, prepaid expenses. Current Liabilities are those liabilities that are to be repaid within a year like bank overdraft, bills payables, Short-term creditors, provision for tax, outstanding expenses etc. Liquid Ratio- Ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions explains the relationship between liquid assets and current liabilities. It indicates whether a firm has sufficient funds to pay its current liabilities immediately. It is calculated as: Generally, Current Ratio is preferable for such type of business where the stock or the inventories cannot easily be converted into cash like heavy machinery manufacturing companies, locomotive companies, etc. This is because, the heavy stocks like machinery, heavy tools etc. But on the other hand, the businesses where the stock can be easily realised or sold off regard Liquid Ratio to be more suitable measure to reveal ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions liquidity position. For example, the inventories of a service sector company is very liquid as there are no stock kept for sale, so they prefer Liquid Ratio as a measure of overall liquidity. Moreover, sometimes companies prefer to resort to Liquid Ratio instead of Current Ratio, if the prices of the stock held are prone to fluctuate. This is because if the prices of the inventories fluctuate more, then this may affect their liquidity position of the business and may reduce or overcast the Current Ratio. Consequently, they prefer Liquid Ratio as it excludes inventories and stocks. This is because their current assets mostly consist of stock. The Liquid Ratio of such company will be very low as liquid assets exclude stock. This will reduce their Liquid Ratio and may create a bad image for the creditors. In such a case, Current Ratio provides better measure of overall liquidity. Answer : Inventory Turnover Ratio: This ratio is computed to determine the efficiency with which the stock is used. This ratio is based on the relationship between cost of goods sold and average stock kept during the year. It shows the rate with which the stock is turned into sales or the number of times the stock in turned into sales during the year. In other words, this ratio reveals the average length of time for which the inventory is held by the firm. Question 9: Following is the Balance Sheet of Raj Oil Mills Limited as at March 31, 2014 Particulars Rs. Non-current Assets a Fixed assets Tangible assets 7,53,000 2. Current Assets a Inventories 55,800 b Trade Receivables 28,800 c Cash and cash equivalents 59,400 Total 8,97,000 Calculate Current Ratio. Non-current liabilities a Long-term borrowings 9,00,000 3. Non-current Assets a Fixed assets Tangible assets 45,00,000 2. Current Assets ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions Inventories 12,00,000 b Trade receivables 9,00,000 c Cash and cash equivalents 2,28,000 d Short-term loans and advances 72,000 Total 69,00,000 Calculate Current Ratio and Liquid Ratio. Answer: Question 11: Current Ratio is 3. Working Capital is Rs 90,000. Calculate the amount of Current Assets and Current Liabilities. Answer: Question 12: Shine Limited has a current ratio 4. Answer : Question 13: Current liabilities of a company are Rs 75,000. If current ratio is 4:1 and liquid ratio is 1:1, calculate value of current assets, liquid assets and stock. Answer: Question 14: Handa Ltd. Total liquid assets are Rs 1,00,000 and quick ratio is 2:1. Answer: Question 15: Calculate debt equity ratio from the following information: Answer: Rs Total Assets 15,00,000 Current Liabilities 6,00,000 Total Debts 12,00,000 Answer: Question 16: Calculate Current Ratio if: Stock is Rs 6,00,000; Liquid Assets Rs 24,00,000; Quick Ratio 2:1. Answer: Question 17: Compute Stock Turnover Ratio from the following information: Rs Net Revenue from Operations 2,00,000 Gross Profit 50,000 Inventory at the end 60,000 Excess of inventory at the end over inventory in the beginning 20,000 Answer: Question 18:Calculate following ratios from the following information: i Current ratio ii Acid test ratio iii Operating Ratio iv Gross Profit Ratio Rs Current Assets 35,000 Current Liabilities 17,500 Stock 15,000 Operating Expenses 20,000 Sales 60,000 Cost of Goods Sold 30,000 Answer: Question 19: From the following information calculate: i Gross Profit Ratio ii Inventory Turnover Ratio iii Current Ratio iv Liquid Ratio v Net Profit Ratio vi Working capital Ratio: Rs Revenue from Operations 25,20,000 Net Profit 3,60,000 Cast of Revenue from Operations 19,20,000 Long-term Debts 9,00,000 Trade Payables 2,00,000 Average Inventory 8,00,000 Current Assets 7,60,000 Fixed Assets 14,40,000 Current Liabilities 6,00,000 Net Profit before Interest and Tax 8,00,000 Answer: Note There is a misprint in the question given in the textbook. The above solution has been worked out accordingly and the answer given as per the textbook is same as per the above solution. Question 20: Compute Gross Profit Ratio, Working Capital Turnover Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio and Proprietary Ratio from the following information: Rs Paid-up Share Capital 5,00,000 Current Assets 4,00,000 Revenue from Operations 10,00,000 13% Debentures 2,00,000 Current Liabilities 2,80,000 Cost of Revenue from Operations 6,00,000 Answer: Question 21: Calculate Stock Turnover Ratio if: Opening Stock is Rs 76,250, Closing Stock is 98,500, Sales is Rs 5,20,000, Sales Return is Rs 20,000, Purchases is Rs 3,22,250. If the stock turnover ratio is 8 times and the firm sells goods at a profit of 20% on sale, ascertain the profit of the firm. Answer: Question 24: You are able to collect the following information about a company for two years: 2012-13 2013-14 Book Debts on Apr. Answer: Question 25: The following Balance Sheet and other information, calculate following ratios: i Debt Equity Ratio ii Working Capital Turnover Ratio iii Debtors Turnover Ratio Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2014 Particulars Note No. Non-current Liabilities a Long-term borrowings 12,00,000 3. Non-current Assets a Fixed assets Tangible assets 18,00,000 2. Current Assets a Inventories 4,00,000 b Trade Receivables 9,00,000 ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions Cash and cash equivalents 5,00,000 Total 36,00,000 Additional Information: Revenue from Operations Rs. Rs Equity Share Capital 75,000 Preference Share Capital 25,000 General Reserve 45,000 Accumulated Profits 30,000 Debentures 75,000 Sundry Creditors 40,000 Outstanding Expenses 10,000 Answer: Question 28: Cost of Revenue from Operations is Rs 1,50,000. Operating expenses are Rs 60,000. Revenue from Operations is Rs 2,50,000. Answer: Question 29: The following is the summerised transactions and Statement of Profit and Loss Account for the year ending March 31, 2007 and the Balance Sheet as on the basis of following information, calculate: i Gross Profit Ratio ii Current Ratio iii Acid Test Ratio iv Inventory Turnover Ratio v Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio Rs. Rs Revenue from Operations 3,00,000 Cost of Revenue from Operations 2,40,000 Inventory at the end 62,000 Gross Profit 60,000 Inventory in the ncert accountancy book class 12 solutions 58,000 Trade Receivables 32,000 Answer: Also check:.

Accounting for Partnership: Basic Concepts 3. It establishes the relationship between net credit purchases and average accounts payables. Accountants are now proficient enough of working in fine novice growth fields such as e -commerce designing web-based remittance scheme ; financial planning, environmental accounting; forensic accounting resolving breaches such as computer hacking and the robbery of a huge sum of money on the cyberspace etc. Total liquid assets are Rs 1,00,000 and quick ratio is 2:1. It establishes the relationship between net credit sales and average accounts receivables. Non-current Assets a Fixed assets Tangible assets 7,53,000 2. Working Capital Turnover Ratio: This ratio is computed to determine how efficiently the working capital is utilised in making sales. Accounting for Partnership firms — Reconstitution and Dissolution. Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio. This ratio depicts the degree of reliance and trust that the shareholders have on the business. Current Assets a Inventories 55,800 b Trade Receivables 28,800 c Cash and cash equivalents 59,400 Total 8,97,000 Calculate Current Ratio. For those students, we are giving a preparation tip.